Accessibility Guides

Plain-language explanations of the issues you are most likely to encounter - what they mean, why they affect real people, and how to fix them.

Heading Structure
Logical hierarchy for screen reader navigation
Structure heading-order
Landmark Regions
Named page zones for keyboard and screen reader users
Structure region
Color Contrast
Contrast ratios, WCAG thresholds, and how to fix failures
Visual color-contrast
Color Blindness
Conveying information beyond color alone
Visual
Low Vision
Designing for users who rely on zoom, magnification, and high contrast
Visual
Image Alt Text
Descriptive, decorative, and missing alt text
Images & Media image-alt
Captions and Transcripts
Who needs captions, when transcripts are required
Images & Media
Accessible Carousel Design
Motion, controls, and text in carousel components
Images & Media
Text in Images
Why text embedded in images creates barriers for all users
Images & Media
Iframes and Embeds
Accessible names for embedded maps, videos, and calendars
Images & Media frame-title
Link and Button Names
Accessible names, ambiguous text, and icon-only buttons
Text & Links link-name
Accessible Filenames
Document names and download link text that make sense
Text & Links
Accessible Capitalization
Why all-caps creates barriers and when to use CSS instead
Text & Links
Dates and Times
Writing dates and times that are unambiguous for all users
Text & Links
Emojis and Icons
How screen readers handle emoji and when icons need labels
Text & Links
Links That Rely on Visual Cues
Why positional language breaks for screen reader users
Text & Links
Links That Open New Tabs
How to communicate clearly when a link opens in a new context
Text & Links
Prior Knowledge
Writing content that stands on its own without assumed context
Text & Links
PDF Accessibility
Tags, reading order, checking tools, and remediation
Documents
Screen Reader Users
Navigation patterns and content authoring for screen readers
Users
Cognitive Disabilities
Plain language, structure, and reduced cognitive load
Users
Neurodivergent Users
Predictability, clarity, and sensory restraint for ADHD and autism
Users
Dyslexia
Typography, spacing, and content choices for dyslexic readers
Users