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Prior Knowledge

Writing content that stands on its own without assumed context

Text & Links

Content should be understandable without requiring users to have read previous communications, attended past events, or visited other pages. References like "as discussed in the last newsletter" or "see our previous announcement" exclude users who missed earlier material and create confusion for new visitors.

What to avoid

<p>As discussed in the last newsletter, the new library
hours will be in effect starting next month.</p>
Problems with this pattern
  • Users who missed the newsletter have no idea what change is coming or when
  • No link or summary is provided for context
  • New users or infrequent visitors are completely excluded
  • "Next month" is a relative time reference that becomes meaningless as time passes

Best practice

<p>Starting September 1, 2025, the library will be open
Monday through Saturday, 9 AM to 8 PM. For background
on this change, see <a href="/newsletter-august">the
August 2025 newsletter</a>.</p>
Why this works
  • The essential information is in the current content - users do not need to read anything else to understand it
  • A link to additional context is provided for those who want it
  • The date is specific and absolute, not relative
  • Works for first-time visitors and returning users alike

Common patterns to watch for

  • "As mentioned previously..." - Summarize the relevant point instead
  • "See the meeting notes for details" - Link to the notes and include the key information inline
  • "You should already know how to..." - Don't assume. Provide the instruction or a link to it
  • "Per our earlier email..." - Restate the relevant content, then link the earlier email if needed

Why it matters

Users arrive at content from many starting points - a direct link, a search result, a referral from a colleague. Assuming prior context creates barriers for new users, infrequent visitors, and anyone who missed an earlier communication. Content that stands on its own is more inclusive, more durable, and more useful.

WCAG criteria

Referenced criteria
3.1.5 Reading Level (opens in a new tab) - Clear, complete information supports a broader range of users. AAA